Action: Act IV 

Kelly Glorioso

SCENE ONE     SCENE TWO        SCENE THREE         SCENE FOUR       SCENE FIVE

4.1

SUMMARY:
 In scene 4.1,  the county Paris approaches Friar Laurence to ask to marry Juliet the next day (Thursday).  The Friar is hesitant to agree, as he is well aware of Juliet's prior marriage to Romeo, but Paris insists that a hasty marriage will help end Juliet's sorrow over Tybalt's death.  Juliet enters, and basically gives Paris a very cold reception.  She speaks with much cynicism, and brushes Paris off by asking to speak with the Friar.  Paris exits at the request of Friar Laurence, and Juliet finally lets all her sorrow and fear out.  She pleads with the Friar to help her solve her dilemma, for she would rather die than marry Paris.  The Friar gives Juliet a special potion which she is instructed to drink that night before she sleeps.  The next morning, she will appear to be dead: "No warmth,  no breath shall testify thou livest", and will be placed in the Capulet vault.  Meanwhile, while Juliet is in her coma,  Friar Laurence plans to send for Romeo to bid him to return for his wife.  Juliet, desperate, agrees to the plan, and bids the Friar farewell.

ANALYSIS:
 The action in 4.1 is driven forward by personal desire of all kinds.  Paris desires only to marry his love and end her suffering so that she may be happy.  Juliet desires to stay faithful to her true husband and avoid marriage to Paris at all costs.  The Friar desires to do what is honorable and bring peace to Verona.  He also sees that Juliet should not be doubly married, and knows that Paris does not deserve to be involved in a marriage where he is ignorant of the true circumstances.  Therefore, these "triggers" lead to the Friar's taking control of the situation and offering to assist Juliet.  The audience is left with an enticing forward at the conclusion of the scene,  in which the uncertainty of Juliet's scheme is of paramount interest.

4.2

SUMMARY:
This scene occurs in the Capulet household, in which Father Capulet is deeply involved with the plans for Juliet's wedding to Paris.  He consorts with the servants while also speaking with the Nurse about his daughter.  Capulet comments that he is glad that Juliet went to visit Friar Laurence, as his daughter is essentially a good-for-nothing, and hopefully the Friar can talk some sense into her.  Juliet arrives home and humbly falls to her knees, asking forgiveness from her father for her disobedient behavior.  Capulet is rightly pleased by his daughter's turn-around and proclaims that the Friar is the one to thank for righting the situation.  Juliet requests the nurse's presence as she prepares her clothing for the wedding, and her father sends both her nurse and Lady Capulet with Juliet.  He ends the scene by commenting how happy Juliet has made him by finally submitting to his wishes.

ANALYSIS:
This scene does much to manipulate the audience's reaction.  Shakespeare is very clever to allow the audience to feel as though it is "in on a secret", which makes them not just spectators but actually cohorts of Juliet.  Juliet's personal desire has caused her to forsake her honesty to her family and lie to her father in order to make her coming "death" appear accidental.  She has placed the action in a snowball that is now gaining momentum quickly and cannot be slowed down as events progress.  We are left yet again with a forward that keeps us on the edge of our seats and anticipating the next scene.

4.3

SUMMARY:
Juliet quickly rids herself of her mother and nurseat the opening of this scene, stating,  "For I have need of many orisons/To move the heavens to smile upon my state".  She means that she needs time alone to ask God for forgiveness because she disobeyed her father and sinned.  They leave Juliet, and Juliet delivers a poignant monologue in which she acknowledges her fears about taking the poison.  She considers that the mixture may not work at all and she may still have to marry Paris in the morning, that the Friar actually gave her a deadly poison so that he would not be dishonored, or that she make wake in the vault before Romeo has returned to rescue her.  The concept of waking in the vault terrifies her the most, but she bravely drinks the poison in Romeo's name and falls upon her bed.

ANALYSIS:
Juliet's action in 4.3 illustrates how masterfully Shakespeare conveys conflict in his plays.  Juliet's only desire is to be with Romeo,  and she now has no other concerns in life.  Yet she still has huge doubts about the action she is about to make.  The conflicts her mind presents her with are reasonable doubts,  which makes her dilemma even more realistic.  The audience realizes just how dedicated Juliet is to Romeo with her final,  dramatic action in the scene:  the defiant swallowing of the potion and her successive fainting onto the bed.  This is an extremely cunning forward to propel the action in 4.4.

4.4

SUMMARY:
 4.4 begins the next morning with the nurse,  Lady Capulet,  and Father Capulet busily preparing for the wedding.  They are all in a jovial mood, and speak to each other with a hurried warmth.  Capulet directs his servants in every task, and notes that Paris will be arriving soon.  He suggests that the nurse go wake Juliet and make haste to get her ready for the day.

ANALYSIS:
 The action in this scene causes the audience to remember that there are those in Shakespeare's world who have an entirely different perspective of the action.  The audience is witnessing a "soap opera" of sorts that is almost humorous due to Capulet's naivete.  The forwards Shakespeare has utilized have been holding out on finally seeing the reality of Juliet's world collide with the ignorance of her family.  The audience must wait yet again to see this collision occur.

4.5

SUMMARY:
 In Scene 4.5,  the nurse attempts to wake Juliet and discovers with horror that her mistress is dead.  She calls for Juliet's mother and the two women are distraught with sorrow.  Capulet enters and touches Juliet to see if she is really dead, and he is so sorrowed that he can hardly speak of his "sweetest flower of all the field".  Friar Laurence arrives with Paris and the musicians and innocently asks if the wedding is ready to begin.  Capulet tells of Juliet's death and each character speaks in anger and sadness of her death.  Friar Laurence tries to console them by saying that heaven has welcomed her, and suggests that Juliet be taken to the church for her funeral and subsequent burial in the vault.  Everyone leaves except for the musicians, who talk about what to do now that their job at the wedding has been canceled.  They seem melancholy over Juliet's death at first, and suggest music's healing properties. However, they determine that their sincerity is actually a falsehood.  They really don't care about making people feel better.  They just want to make money.

ANALYSIS:
 In this scene Shakespeare's forward is finally fulfilled and we see the collision of Juliet's world with that
of her family's.  Friar Laurence drives the action forward in an attempt to satisfy Juliet's plan,  and his desires are honorably unselfish as he tries to help his young friends.  The end of the scene with the musicians seems very odd to be included,  as it does not flow with the rest of the action.  However, one interpretation of the musician's words can provide an interesting parallel with the Capulet family.  Juliet's sincerity with her family was a falsehood, and she was willing to forsake her family to achieve her own goals,  just as the musicians pretend to be sincere to make money.  Also, Capulet's sincerity may be viewed as false, because he didn't really care about his daughter's emotions.  He wanted her to be obedient so he could marry her off and have an heir.  This is a clever way for Shakespeare to help his audience discover his characters motives through action.  It is even more clever when he achieves this through the actions of other seemingly insignificant characters.
 

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