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English Language Milestones for Children Adopted Between 0 - 12 months of Age Data
reprinted from Glennen, S. & Masters, M. G. (2002). Typical and
atypical language development in infants and toddlers adopted from Eastern
Europe. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, ??,
pp-pp.
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| Child's
Current Age
|
N |
Expressive Vocabulary Words |
Average Length of 3 Longest Sentences in Morphemes |
Use of 4 Grammar Markers |
|||||
| Mean | +/- 1 St Dev | Range | Mean | +/- 1 St Dev | Range | Mean | +/- 1 St Dev | ||
|
6
- 9 Months |
7 |
0.00 |
0.00 - 0.00 |
0 -
0 |
0.00 |
0.00
0.00 |
0
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00
- 0.00 |
|
10
- 12 Months |
11 |
2.50 |
0.00 -
7.05 |
0 -
13 |
0.22 |
0.00
0.66 |
0
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.00
-
0.00 |
|
13
- 15 Months |
18 |
7.06 |
0.00 - 17.56 |
0 -
29 |
0.52 |
0.00
1.19 |
0
2.33 |
0.00 |
0.00
-
0.00 |
|
16
- 18 Months |
37 |
34.82 |
0.00 74.57 |
0 - 156 |
1.14 |
0.27
2.01 |
0
3.00 |
0.00 |
0.00
-
0.00 |
|
19
- 21 Months |
26 |
49.92 |
1.35 98.49 |
0 - 173 |
1.35 |
0.53
2.17 |
0
3.00 |
0.04 |
0.20
-
0.60 |
|
22
- 24 Months |
27 |
116.00 |
40.80-191.20 |
10 - 283 |
2.64 |
0.93
4.35 |
1.00
7.00 |
0.75 |
0.00
-
1.14 |
|
25
- 27 Months |
25 |
162.36 |
75.61249.11 |
6 - 303 |
3.85 |
1.92
5.78 |
1.00
8.33 |
1.64 |
0.09
-
3.19 |
|
28
- 30 Months |
20 |
214.10 |
124.03
-304.17 |
23 - 310* |
5.93 |
2.37 -
9.49 |
1.00
11.66 |
2.25 |
0.08
-
3.70 |
|
31
- 33 Months |
17 |
253.53 |
191.24
-310* |
75 308 |
7.44 |
4.45 10.43 |
3.00
11.33 |
2.71 |
1.14
-
4.0* |
|
34
- 36 Months |
10 |
272.20 |
221.45
-310* |
173 309 |
9.54 |
6.13-
12.95 |
6.00
16.30 |
3.60 |
2.90
-
4.0* |
|
37
- 40 Months |
9 |
237.00 |
151.65
-310* |
63 309 |
8.50 |
5.43 - 11.57 |
3.66
11.33 |
2.75 |
1.17
-
4.0* |
| Information
is based on 72 children adopted from Eastern Europe. N=
number of children (from the total of 72) who provided information within each
Current Age
group. Expressive Vocabulary
refers to the number of vocabulary words indicated by parents on the
Language Development Survey (LDS) (Rescorla, 1989).
*310 is the maximum possible score on the LDS.
Sentence Length is the average length of each childs three
longest utterances counted in morphemes.
Use of Four Grammatical Morphemes refers to the childs
expressive use of the following bound morphemes: present progressive ing,
past tense ed, possessive s, and plurals.
* 4.0 is the
maximum score for Grammatical Morphemes.
What to Expect and When to Get Concerned Children adopted prior to 12 months of age should rapidly catch-up in their English language skills. The majority of children begin to speak first words at the expected ages. Children who are not saying any words by age 19-20 months should be referred for services. By age 24 months children should be using over 50 words in their vocabulary and putting two-word sentences together, which is a milestone used to judge all English speaking children. In addition to these expressive language milestones, parents also reported that their children's language comprehension skills were caught up by age 24 months. In summary, children adopted prior to 12 months of age should be fully caught up in their English language skills by 24 months of age. The only exception to this is sentence length. The typical internationally adopted 24 - 36 month old child put together sentences that were on the low side of normal when compared to English language charts. However, even though sentences were slightly shorter, they were still long enough to be within normal levels for English speaking children. When children do not meet these milestones, parents should contact the early intervention program in their school district or seek services from a private speech language pathologist who specializes in working with infants and toddlers. More information on these services is available in the Resources section of this web site. |
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| Sharon Glennen, Ph.D., CCC-SLP | |
| Assistant Professor of Communication Sciences & Disorders | |
| Towson University | |
| Towson, MD 21252 | |
| Last Modified 7/07/02 | |
